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Their situation is somehow comparable with those without shelter, as they are all deprived of the human right of a housing situation without health hazards, allowing the full development of the individuals' capacities. Households with feeble and perhaps insecure income are likely to live in substandard housing units and might also experience homelessness because of economic difficulties. Most of the people who become homeless started off being inadequately housed.īefore becoming homeless, many people have been living in "substandard housing" situations.
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While being inadequately housed is not the same as being homeless, it can lead to being at risk of homelessness. Prisoners or people living in other institutions facing their release and having no place to go to, are considered part of this population.įinally, we need to recognize that there are many Canadians who are inadequately housed. In addition to absolute and concealed homelessness, some people are at risk of losing their housing and can be categorized as people at "risk of homelessness."Īnother group living under the threat of "homelessness" are those facing the risk of losing their shelter either by eviction or lease expiry, with no other possibility of shelter in view. The extent of this phenomenon is extremely difficult to calculate. Without this privately offered housing opportunity, they would be living in the street or be sheltered by an institution of the welfare system. People who are homeless, but temporarily housed with friends or family form another category of the "homeless" - referred to as "concealed homelessness."Īnother, not obvious side of the problem is "concealed homelessness." Under this category falls all people living with family members or friends because they cannot afford shelter themselves. Persons or households living under these circumstances will furthermore be defined as "homeless". Those sleeping in shelters provided by welfare or other institutions are considered part of this population. People sleeping rough, which means in the street, in public places are those forming the core population of the "homeless". Homeless persons are defined as people "sleeping rough" or using public or private shelters. Homeless or "houseless people" fall into three very clear categories: the absolute homeless, the concealed homeless and those at risk of becoming homeless. Real political solutions to homelessness rest not only in addressing the inadequate supply of affordable housing in Canada, but also in improving income security, equitable access to health care supports (including mental health and addictions) and justice, for example. Homelessness, then, is not defined strictly by an absolute lack of shelter (though this is the most obvious manifestation of it), but rather by the intersection of a range of social exclusionary factors that exacerbate poverty, limit opportunities and create barriers to full participation in Canadian society. Most people who are homeless move through a variety of temporary and unstable living situations, which makes generating income, maintaining health, keeping safe, nurturing healthy relationships and obtaining permanent housing extremely challenging.
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Others will sleep "rough" in parks, along alleyways, on rooftops, or under bridges. If they are able to generate money, people who experience homelessness may rent motel rooms, move into rooming houses, or with friends, temporarily.
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Emergency shelters exist in medium- and large-sized urban centres, but are not generally available in rural areas and small towns. If the option of moving in with friends and/or family is not (or is no longer) available because of weak social capital or a lack of steady income, many people will stay in temporary emergency shelters, or end up absolutely homeless. When people lose their housing, they often move in temporarily with friends or family, a practice known as "couch surfing". This definition includes people who are absolutely homeless (those living on the streets, sometimes referred to as "rough sleepers") shelter dwellers (people staying temporarily in emergency shelters or hostels) the "hidden homeless" (people staying temporarily with friends or family), and others who are described as under housed or "at risk" of homelessness. Homelessness is an extreme form of poverty characterized by the instability of housing and the inadequacy of income, health care supports and social supports. Answers to many of the questions surrounding homelessness and poverty issues.